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Basics & Standards

Fundamentals, Concepts, and standards

  • Introduction to Authentication Frameworks (PAM and SSPI)

    This article gives a very brief high-level introduction to PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) and SSPI (Security Support Provider Interface) as authentication frameworks in Linux and…

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  • SASL Authentication Mechanisms

    Introduction Authentication is used in many protocols (such as LDAP binding) and it usually involves sending password. Given the nature of authentication protocol, its traffic…

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  • OAuth 2.0 and OIDC 1 of 2

    OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect (OIDC 1.0) are different but highly related protocols and they are often confused. When we talk about IAM (identity and…

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  • Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)

    SAML is an XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between IdP (identity provider) and service provider. We can compare SAML with LDAP (as…

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  • Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

    Introduction Originally LDAP only refers to the connectivity protocol to the directory server. This term is being used loosely today and it also refers to…

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  • Introduction to Active Directory (AD)

    Workgroup, homegroup and Windows Domain A workgroup is a group of computers on the same local network. A Windows computer not joined to a domain…

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