Introduction Originally LDAP only refers to the connectivity protocol to the directory server. This term is being used loosely today and it also refers to…
The 5 layer TCP/IP model (or its more rigorously defined alternative OSI model) leads to a whole world of network protocols. Understanding these new protocols…
Transport Layer Transport Layer handles multiplexing & de-multiplexing through ports. Port is more or less a virtual concept. Source port is usually ephemeral. Two dominant…
My previous post outlines several core concepts around cryptography, such as asymmetric key encryption, digital certificate, the encoding formats and relevant file extensions. In this…